Ebola - Information, FAQs and Research

An expanding list of information resources on Ebola Virus Disease (EVD).  A link to additional information and a timeline of related events for this outbreak will be provided (in red - here), and at the bottom of this post . . .  . . .

Office of Inspector General - Lead Inspector General Joint Strategic Oversight Plan on U.S. Government Activities: International Ebola Response and Preparedness
http://westafrica.mphise.resiliencesystem.org/lead-inspector-general-joint-strategic-oversight-plan-us-government-activities-international-ebola

Global Communities ALERT Weekly Reports
http://resiliencesystem.org/global-communities-alert-weekly-reports

US - HHS - Ebola Outbreak 2014: Information Resources
http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/dimrc/ebola_2014.html

WHO - Ebola: Knowledge resources for responders
https://openwho.org/courses/knowledge-resources-ebola

WHO - Ebola virus disease (EVD)
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/

WHO - Frequently asked questions on Ebola virus disease
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/faq-ebola/en/

WHO - Updates - Ebola virus disease (EVD)
http://www.who.int/csr/don/archive/disease/ebola/en/

WHO - Situation reports: Ebola response roadmap
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/situation-reports/en/

WHO - Data - Situation Summary
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.ebola-sitrep.ebola-summary-latest?lang=en

WHO - Publications - Ebola Virus Disease
http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes/dpc/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response/epr-publications.html

CDC - Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/

CDC - Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Information Packet (13 page .PDF file)
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/pdf/fact-sheet.pdf

CDC – Questions and Answers on Ebola
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/guinea/qa.html

CDC - Questions and Answers on experimental treatments and vaccines for Ebola
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/guinea/qa-experimental-treatments.html

CDC - Ebola Virus Disease Information for Clinicians in U.S. Healthcare Settings
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/clinician-information-us-healthcare-settings.html

CDC - Information for Healthcare Workers and Settings
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/index.html

CDC - Ebola Outbreak: Advice for Humanitarian Aid Workers - (CLICK ON: "Returning to the United States")
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/humanitarian-workers-ebola

CDC - Interim U.S. Guidance for Monitoring and Movement of Persons with Potential Ebola Virus Exposure
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/exposure/monitoring-and-movement-of-persons-with-exposure.html

CDC - ASPR - Detailed Hospital Checklist for Ebola Preparedness (see page 3 of 6 page .PDF file)
This CDC/ASPR guidance calls for a "buddy system" for Healthcare workers providing care to Ebola patients.
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/pdf/hospital-checklist-ebola-preparedness.pdf

CDC - Ebola - What's New
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/whats-new.html

CDC - Estimating the Future Number of Cases in the Ebola Epidemic — Liberia and Sierra Leone, 2014–2015
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6303a1.htm?s_cid=su6303a1_w

CDC - EID - Operational Research during the Ebola Emergency
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/7/16-1389_article

CDC - Communication Resources for West African Audiences
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/communication-resources/index.html

CDC - Epidemiologic Risk Factors to Consider when Evaluating a Person for Exposure to Ebola Virus
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/exposure/risk-factors-when-evaluating-person-for-exposure.html

CDC - Secondary Infections with Ebola Virus in Rural Communities, Liberia and Guinea, 2014–2015
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/9/16-0416_article

CDC - MMWR - Monitoring of Persons with Risk for Exposure to Ebola Virus — United States, November 3, 2014–December 27, 2015
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6549a4.htm?s_cid=mm6549a4_w 

CDC - MMWR - Overview, Control Strategies, and Lessons Learned in the CDC Response to the 2014–2016 Ebola Epidemic
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/su/su6503a2.htm

CDC - MMWR - Incident Management Systems and Building Emergency Management Capacity During the 2014–2016 Ebola Epidemic - Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/su/su6503a5.htm?s_cid=su6503a5.htm_w

APAN - Ebola Response Network
https://community.apan.org/apcn/ern/m/default.aspx

UN - Global Ebola Response - Coalition meeting notes
http://ebolaresponse.un.org/coalition-meeting-notes

UN - Ebola Response Multi-Partner Trust Fund (MPTF)
http://mptf.undp.org/factsheet/fund/EBO00

UN - Ebola Response Multi-Partner Trust Fund (MPTF) - Document Center
http://mptf.undp.org/document/search?fund=EBO00&document_areas=fund,project&go=true

Columbia Prediction of Infectious Diseases - Ebola
http://cpid.iri.columbia.edu/

reliefweb - West Africa - Ebola Outbreak
http://reliefweb.int/disaster/ep-2014-000041-gin

HDX (beta) Ebola-related datasets
https://data.hdx.rwlabs.org/ebola

reliefweb - CERF response to Ebola outbreak - September 8, 2014
http://reliefweb.int/report/liberia/cerf-response-ebola-outbreak-8-september-2014

The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) - Ebola Outbreak
A collection of articles and other resources on the Ebola outbreak, including clinical reports, management guidelines, and commentary.
http://www.nejm.org/page/ebola-outbreak

CIDRAP - Ebola Literature
http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/infectious-disease-topics/64/literature

UN - Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF)
http://www.unocha.org/cerf/

MSF (Doctors Without Borders) - Ebola
http://www.msf.org/diseases/ebola

UK - Ebola Virus Disease: Clinical Management and Guidance
https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/ebola-virus-disease-clinical-management-and-guidance

ProMED-mail (click on Hot Topics)
http://www.promedmail.org/

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Ebola Outbreak 2014: Information Resources
http://disaster.nlm.nih.gov/dimrc/ebola_2014.html

USAID - Fact Sheets
http://www.usaid.gov/news-information/fact-sheets

USAID - Non-Governmental Organizations Responding to Ebola
http://www.cidi.org/ebola-ngos/#.VNKofy7lrAm

Public Health Agency of Canada - Ebolavirus - Pathogen Safety Data Sheet
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/ebola-eng.php

International SOS - Ebola
https://www.internationalsos.com/ebola/

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/press/epidemiological_updates/Pages/epidemiological_updates.aspx

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - Ministry of Health Portal - Ministry News - August 6, 2014
Death of Ebola Suspected Patient Wednesday Morning in Jeddah
http://www.moh.gov.sa/en/Ministry/MediaCenter/News/Pages/News-2014-08-06-001.aspx

Research - Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Transmission and Risk Factors of Contacts, Uganda
(with references to fomites) – (8 page .PDF file)
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/9/11/pdfs/03-0339.pdf

Please note:  The 2012 study (below) showed that Ebola was able to travel between pigs and monkeys that were in separate cages and were never placed in direct contact.

2012 STUDY - Transmission of Ebola virus from pigs to non-human primates
http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/121115/srep00811/full/srep00811.html

Analysis via Dr. James Wilson - 2012 STUDY
http://www.linkedin.com/today/post/article/20140815160308-24879793-warning-ebola-is-airborne

Analysis - 2012 STUDY
http://healthmap.org/site/diseasedaily/article/pigs-monkeys-ebola-goes-airborne-112112

Research - The survival of filoviruses in liquids, on solid substrates and in a dynamic aerosol
(the virus is capable of living in dried blood on various surfaces -- such as plastic and glass -- for as long as three weeks in low temperature environments)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20553340

Footnote 61 - (no virus samples survived on plastic, metal or glass surfaces at room temperature)
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/ebola-eng.php#footnote61

Research Study - Investigating the zoonotic origin of the West African Ebola epidemic
http://resiliencesystem.org/comment/1632#comment-1632

bioRxiv - Assessing the performance of real-time epidemic forecasts: A case study of Ebola in the Western Area Region of Sierra Leone, 2014-15
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/177451v3

Cell - Antibodies from a Human Survivor Define Sites of Vulnerability for Broad Protection against Ebolaviruses
http://www.cell.com/fulltext/S0092-8674(17)30491-9 

Cell - Human Adaptation of Ebola Virus during the West African Outbreak
http://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(16)31396-4?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867416313964%3Fshowall%3Dtrue 

Cell - Ebola Virus Glycoprotein with Increased Infectivity Dominated the 2013–2016 Epidemic
http://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(16)31397-6?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867416313976%3Fshowall%3Dtrue 

Cell Host & Microbe - Dampened STING-Dependent Interferon Activation in Bats
http://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(18)30041-6 

CID - Resurgence of Ebola virus disease in Guinea linked to a survivor with virus persistence in seminal fluid for more than 500 days
http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/08/31/cid.ciw601

CID - Kinetic Analysis of Biomarkers in a Cohort of US Patients With Ebola Virus Disease
http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/06/16/cid.ciw334.abstract

Journal of Virology - Ebola Virus Delta Peptide is a Viroporin
http://jvi.asm.org/content/early/2017/05/18/JVI.00438-17

Research - mBio - Transmission of Ebola Viruses: What We Know and What We Do Not Know
http://mbio.asm.org/content/6/2/e00137-15

PLOS - Pathogens - Ebola virus-mediated T-lymphocyte depletion is the result of an abortive infection
https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1008068 

PLOS - Estimating undetected Ebola spillovers
https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0007428

PLOS - Detection of Viral RNA in Tissues following Plasma Clearance from an Ebola Virus Infected Patient
http://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006065 

PLOS - Community Event-Based Surveillance for Ebola Virus Disease in Sierra Leone: Implementation of a National-Level System During a Crisis
http://currents.plos.org/outbreaks/article/community-event-based-surveillance-for-ebola-virus-disease-in-sierra-leone-implementation-of-a-national-level-system-during-a-crisis/ 

PLOS - Minimally Symptomatic Infection in an Ebola ‘Hotspot’: A Cross-Sectional Serosurvey
http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005087 

PLOS - Containing Ebola at the Source with Ring Vaccination
http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005093 

PLOS - Fears and Misperceptions of the Ebola Response System during the 2014-2015 Outbreak in Sierra Leone
http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005077 

PLOS - Diagnostics in Ebola Virus Disease in Resource-Rich and Resource-Limited Settings
http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0004948 

PLoS Negl Trop Dis. - A 6-Year-Old #Child with Severe #Ebola #Virus #Disease: #Laboratory-Guided #Clinical #Care in an ETC in #Guinea
https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2016/03/24/a-6-year-old-child-with-severe-ebola-virus-disease-laboratory-guided-clinical-care-in-an-etc-in-guinea-plos-negl-trop-dis-edited/

NIAID - NIH Doctors Describe Severe Case of Ebola Virus Disease
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2016/Pages/Severe-Ebola-Case-CC.aspx

SCIENCE ADVANCES - Reduced evolutionary rate in reemerged Ebola virus transmission chains
http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/4/e1600378

JID - Ebola Virus Neutralizing Antibodies Detectable in Survivors of theYambuku, Zaire Outbreak 40 Years after Infection
https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/infdis/jix584/4716835?redirectedFrom=fulltext

JID - New Evidence of Long-lasting Persistence of Ebola Virus Genetic Material in Semen of Survivors
http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/05/03/infdis.jiw078.abstract?sid=4af0b383-9bbb-459d-a985-224f13398b22

Oxford Academic - Open Forum Infectious Diseases - Ebola Virus RNA Detection in Semen More than Two Years After Resolution of Acute Ebola Virus Infection
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/doi/10.1093/ofid/ofx155/4004818/Ebola-Virus-RNA-Detection-in-Semen-More-than-Two

Oxford Journals - Ebola virus persistence in breast milk after no reported illness: a likely source of virus transmission from mother to child
http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/12/10/cid.ciw793.abstract 

Oxford Journals - Impact of interventions and the incidence of ebola virus disease in Liberia—implications for future epidemics
http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/10/28/heapol.czw113.abstract

PNAS - Essential information: Uncertainty and optimal control of Ebola outbreaks
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/05/10/1617482114.full 

PNAS - Spatial and temporal dynamics of superspreading events in the 2014–2015 West Africa Ebola epidemic
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/02/07/1614595114

Rapid outbreak sequencing of Ebola virus in Sierra Leone identifies transmission chains linked to sporadic cases (20 page .PDF file)
http://ve.oxfordjournals.org/sites/default/files/Outbreak_sequencing_of_Ebola_virus.pdf

The Lancet - Local, national, and regional viral haemorrhagic fever pandemic potential in Africa: a multistage analysis
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32092-5 

The Lancet - Ebola virus and malaria parasite positivity: a febrile illness quagmire
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099%2817%2930113-5/fulltext?rss=yes

The Lancet - Asymptomatic infection and unrecognised Ebola virus disease in Ebola-affected households in Sierra Leone: a cross-sectional study using a new non-invasive assay for antibodies to Ebola virus
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(17)30111-1/fulltext

The Lancet - Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ça Suffit!)
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)32621-6/fulltext?rss=yes 

The Lancet - Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine expressing Ebola surface glycoprotein: interim results from the Guinea ring vaccination cluster-randomised trial
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)61117-5/abstract 

The Lancet - Late Ebola virus relapse causing meningoencephalitis: a case report
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)30386-5/abstract 

The Lancet - Sequelae of Ebola virus disease: the emergency within the emergency
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(16)00077-3/fulltext?rss=yes

The Lancet Global Health - Prevention of sexual transmission of Ebola in Liberia through a national semen testing and counselling programme for survivors: an analysis of Ebola virus RNA results and behavioural data
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(16)30175-9/fulltext

Nature - Virus genomes reveal factors that spread and sustained the Ebola epidemic
http://resiliencesystem.org/international-research-effort-reveals-major-insights-spread-west-african-ebola-epidemic

Nature - Toremifene interacts with and destabilizes the Ebola virus glycoprotein
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature18615.html

Nature Microbiology - The discovery of Bombali virus adds further support for bats as hosts of ebolaviruses
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-018-0227-2

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology - Structural basis of broad ebolavirus neutralization by a human survivor antibody
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41594-019-0191-4

Science Translational Medicine - Longitudinal peripheral blood transcriptional analysis of a patient with severe Ebola virus disease
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/9/385/eaai9321

WHO - Information Resources on Ebola Virus Disease
http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ebola/en/index1.html

Global Ebola Response- UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response (UNMEER) - Situation Reports
https://ebolaresponse.un.org/un-mission-situation-reports

UN OCHA - West Africa - Ebola Outbreak 2014 - Contacts
http://www.humanitarianresponse.info/search/disasters/33204/document-type/contact-list?search=ebola

UN OCHA - Who is Who - Contacts
http://www.humanitarianresponse.info/operations/west-and-central-africa/documents/document-type/contact-list

UN OCHA - Ebola - Contacts -West and Central Africa
http://www.humanitarianresponse.info/operations/west-and-central-africa/contacts/disasters/33204

UN - OCHA - Africa
http://www.unocha.org/rowca/

UN OCHA - 3W - Contact Directory - Who Does What, Where
http://3w.unocha.org/WhoWhatWhere/

UN OCHA - Ebola - Search - Humanitarian Response
http://www.humanitarianresponse.info/search?search=ebola

Virology - Ebolaviruses associated with differential pathogenicity induce distinct host responses in human macrophages
http://jvi.asm.org/content/early/2017/03/16/JVI.00179-17

World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (WANGO) - Search
http://www.wango.org/resources.aspx?section=ngodir&sub=region&regionID=11&col=FFCC00

HDX - 3W Dataset on the Organizations Involved in the Response to the Ebola Crisis
https://data.hdx.rwlabs.org/dataset/3w-dataset-on-the-organizations-involved-in-the-response-to-the-ebola-crisis

Guinea - Hospital Response and Isolation / Treatment Centres
https://www.internationalsos.com/ebola/index.cfm?content_id=395&language_id=ENG

Liberia - Ministry of Health and Social Welfare - Ebola - Situation Reports
http://www.mohsw.gov.lr/     and     http://www.mohsw.gov.lr/content_display.php?sub=report2

Liberia - Hospital Response and Isolation / Treatment Centres
https://www.internationalsos.com/ebola/index.cfm?content_id=396&language_id=ENG

Liberia - Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Daily Media Summaries
http://www.mofa.gov.lr/public2/2content.php?sub=178&related=7&third=178&pg=sp&pt=Media%20Summaries

Nigeria - Facilities Affected
https://www.internationalsos.com/ebola/index.cfm?content_id=418&language_id=ENG

Sierra Leone - Ministry of Health and Sanitation - Ebola - Situation Reports
http://health.gov.sl/?p=617
http://nerc.sl/

Sierra Leone - Isolation / Treatment Centres
https://www.internationalsos.com/ebola/index.cfm?content_id=397&language_id=ENG

France - Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Guinea and Sierra Leone - Ebola
http://www.ambafrance-gn.org/-Ebola-175-

About - Kimberly-Clark Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Precautions Brief
http://www.kchealthcare.com/about-us/news/2014/august/kimberly-clark-ebola-virus-disease-evd-precautions-brief-august-12-2014.aspx

Kimberly-Clark Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Precautions Brief (9 page .PDF file)
http://www.kchealthcare.com/media/133353/k-c-ebola-precautions-brief-truscott-final.pdf

Ebola - Travel security advisories - Flight bans and closures
https://www.internationalsos.com/ebola/index.cfm?content_id=435&language_id=ENG

Assessment Capacities Project (ACAPS) - Ebola Needs Analysis Project (ENAP)
http://www.acaps.org/en/pages/ebola

UN OCHA - Financial Tracking Service (FTS) - Ebola Virus Outbreak - WEST AFRICA - April 2014
https://fts.unocha.org/pageloader.aspx?page=emerg-emergencyDetails&appealID=1060 

World Bank - Ebola Response
http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/ebola

World Bank - Global Ebola Response Resource Tracking
http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/ebola/brief/global-ebola-response-resource-tracking

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MOH SITREPs (Liberia) - http://www.mohsw.gov.lr/     and     http://www.mohsw.gov.lr/content_display.php?sub=report2
                    (Guinea) - http://www.humanitarianresponse.info/operations/guinea/documents
                    (Guinea) - http://www.ambafrance-gn.org/-Points-de-situation-
                    (Sierra Leone) - http://health.gov.sl/
                    (Sierra Leone) - Evening Briefings - http://nerc.sl/?q=document-types/nerc-briefings
WHO SITREPs - http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.ebola-sitrep
                       http://apps.who.int/ebola/ebola-situation-reports
                       http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/situation-reports/archive/en/
UNMEER SITREPs - http://ebolaresponse.un.org/resources
Global Ebola Response - https://ebolaresponse.un.org/situation-reports
UNMEER - Global Ebola Response - https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/disaster/ep-2014-000041-gin
Liberia - Ebola Response Contact List - December 7, 2015 - https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/system/files/documents/files/20151207_lib_contact_list.pdf 
USAID Fact Sheets - http://www.usaid.gov/ebola

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CLICK HERE - Information Resources - Ebola Outbreak Declared in Democratic Republic of the Congo - 2018